Dataset Open Access
Data publication: Measurement of liquid foam flow through a diverging nozzle
Skrypnik, Artem;
Lappan, Tobias;
Knüpfer, Leon;
Ziauddin, Muhammad;
Arnal Tribaldos, Icíar;
Shevchenko, Natalia;
Heitkam, Sascha
DCAT Export
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<dct:title>Data publication: Measurement of liquid foam flow through a diverging nozzle</dct:title>
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<dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">2025</dct:issued>
<dcat:keyword>Drainage</dcat:keyword>
<dcat:keyword>Liquid fraction</dcat:keyword>
<dcat:keyword>Particle tracking velocimetry</dcat:keyword>
<dcat:keyword>Particle image velocimetry</dcat:keyword>
<dcat:keyword>Pneumatic foam theory</dcat:keyword>
<dcat:keyword>X-ray radiography</dcat:keyword>
<dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2025-03-07</dct:issued>
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<dct:description><p>The hydrodynamic theory of pneumatic foam analytically predicts the advective transport of liquid by foam rising continuously in a vertical column or pipe, relying on cross-sectional averaging of the foam velocity and liquid fraction. This experimental study accumulates a database for assessing the pneumatic foam theory in a vertically aligned diverging nozzle, i.e. at increasing cross-sectional area in nominal flow direction. The velocity distribution of the flowing foam and its liquid fraction distribution were measured by means of X-ray, optical and electrical techniques in three different nozzles distinguished by their half angle &theta; = 5&deg;, 10&deg;, 20&deg;. The experimental setup and the measurements are described in detail in Skrypnik et al. (<a href="https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-41024">https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-41024</a>).</p> <ul> <li>X-ray radiography (XR) has measured the distribution of the liquid fraction (&epsilon;<sub>XR</sub>) inside the nozzle as a two-dimensional projection, i.e. integrated in the X-ray beam direction.</li> <li>X-ray particle tracking (XPTV) has measured the local velocity u<sub>T</sub> inside the nozzle, along the motion path of each tracer particle described by the radial (r) and vertical position (z) in consecutive frames. The velocity u<sub>T</sub> was normalised by the superficial gas velocity j<sub>g</sub>(z) = Q<sub>g</sub> / (&pi; * R(z)<sup>2</sup>), with Q<sub>g</sub> denoting the gas flow rate of compressed air applied for foam generation, and R(z) denoting the radius of the cross-sectional area depending on the vertical position z. To compare different nozzles, the vertical position z was normalised by the total length L = 25 mm / tan(&theta;) of the nozzle depending on its half angle &theta; = 5&deg;, 10&deg;, 20&deg;.</li> <li>Optical PIV adapted to foam (FoamPIV) has measured the time-averaged velocity u<sub>W</sub> through the transparent wall of the nozzle, i.e. at the nozzle radius r = R(z) depending on the vertical position z. As described above, the velocity u<sub>W</sub> was normalised by the superficial gas velocity j<sub>g</sub>(z), and the vertical position z was normalised by the total length L of the nozzle.</li> <li>Electrode pairs (EP) have measured the cross-sectional average values of the liquid fraction (&epsilon;<sub>EP</sub>) upstream and downstream the nozzle, simultaneously to the X-ray radiographic measurement of the liquid fraction distribution (&epsilon;<sub>XR</sub>) inside the nozzle.</li> </ul> <p>The experimental data in this repository is structured into different folders and files as follows.</p> <ul> <li>FoamNozzle_Overview.CSV gives an overview of all measurements runs, nozzles, and techniques.</li> <li>Level 1 are folders classified by the measurement technique: 01_XR: X-ray radiography, 02_XPTV: X-ray particles tracking velocimetry, 03_FoamPIV: Optical PIV adapted to foam, 04_EP: Electrode pairs.</li> <li>Level 2 are folders classified by the different nozzles, distinguished by the nozzle half angle &theta; = 5&deg;, 10&deg;, 20&deg;, and divided into bottom and top part in the case of &theta; = 5&deg;, 10&deg;.</li> <li>Level 3 are TIF and CSV files of measurement results. <ul> <li>01_XR: Each TIF image shows the time-averaged distribution of the liquid fraction inside the nozzle; the liquid fraction (0 &lt; &epsilon;<sub>XR</sub> &lt; 1) is indicated by the value of each pixel.</li> <li>02_XPTV: Each CSV file consists of three columns, namely the radial position (r, in mm), the normalised vertical position (z / L), and the normalised velocity (u<sub>T</sub> / j<sub>g</sub>(z)).</li> <li>03_FoamPIV: Each CSV file consists of two columns, namely the normalised vertical position (z / L), and the normalised velocity (u<sub>W</sub> / j<sub>g</sub>(z)).</li> <li>04_EP: Each CSV file consists of three columns, namely the cross-sectional average of the liquid fraction (0 &lt; &epsilon;<sub>EP</sub> &lt; 1) downstream as well as upstream the nozzle, and the time (in s).</li> </ul> </li> </ul></dct:description>
<dct:description xml:lang="">The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG, under grant number HE 7529/3-1, project number 431077191), by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, under grant number 03HY123E), and by the Summer Student Program at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf.</dct:description>
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- Publication date:
- March 7, 2025
- DOI:
-
- Keyword(s):
- Drainage Liquid fraction Particle tracking velocimetry Particle image velocimetry Pneumatic foam theory X-ray radiography
- Related identifiers:
- Identical to:
https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-41083 - Referenced by:
https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-41024 - Communities:
- License (for files):
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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Skrypnik, Artem, Lappan, Tobias, Knüpfer, Leon, Ziauddin, Muhammad, Arnal Tribaldos, Icíar, Shevchenko, Natalia, & Heitkam, Sascha. (2025). Data publication: Measurement of liquid foam flow through a diverging nozzle [Data set]. Rodare. http://doi.org/10.14278/rodare.3624
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