January 22, 2026 Dataset Restricted Access

Müller, Sara Tabea; Akgun, Bora; Bekkevoll, Anna; Blorstad Thu, Sander; Engebertsen, Anders; Jagt, Thyrza; Pausch, Guntram; Phan, Than Binh; Ratliff, Hunter; Römer, Katja; Smeland Ytre-Hauge, Kristian; Stokkevag, Camilla; Tarakoglu, Engin; Turko, Joseph; Wolf, Andreas; Yazici, Berkay; Meric, Ilker; Kögler, Toni

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{
  "datePublished": "2026-01-22", 
  "url": "https://rodare.hzdr.de/record/4444", 
  "inLanguage": {
    "alternateName": "eng", 
    "name": "English", 
    "@type": "Language"
  }, 
  "@type": "Dataset", 
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-43021"
  ], 
  "@context": "https://schema.org/", 
  "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.14278/rodare.4444", 
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.14278/rodare.4444", 
  "name": "First tests of the NOVO Compact Detector Array at a Proton Facility (OncoRay)", 
  "description": "<p>This data set contains the experimental raw data of the <a href=\"https://www.novo-project.eu/\">NOVO</a> compact detector array (NOVCoDA) from the measurement campaign at OncoRay Dresden, Germany in December 2025.&nbsp;This experiment is the first test of the NOVCoDA prototype at a clinical proton beam. The aim of the measurement campaign was to characterize the response behavior of the scintillators used under high-energy neutron irradiation (especially the pulse-shape discrimination behavior), as well as to test the imaging, range-shift, and rate-processing capabilities of the system.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Setup:</strong></p>\n\n<p>Measurements 01.12.-09.12.:&nbsp; miniNOVO (version 5): The prototype consists of 12 organic scintillator elements (6 &times;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169764\">M600</a> and 6 &times; <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165778\">organic glas scintillator</a>) of the dimensions <span class=\"math-tex\">12&times;12&times;140 mm<sup>3</sup></span></p>\n\n<p>Measurements 10.12.-12.12.:&nbsp; miniNOVO (version 5.1): The prototype consists of 14 organic scintillator elements (7 &times;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169764\">M600</a> and 7 &times; <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165778\">organic glas scintillator</a>) of the dimensions 12&times;12&times;140 mm<sup>3</sup></p>\n\n<p>The scintillator bars have dual readout composed of</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>2&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/etd/R7378A_TPMH1288E.pdf\">Hamamatsu R7378A (1&rsquo;&rsquo;) PMTs</a><sup>1</sup>,</li>\n\t<li>4 &times;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/product/optical-sensors/mppc/mppc_mppc-array/S14161-3050HS-04.html\">Hamamatsu S14161-3050HS-04&nbsp;SiPM</a><sup>1</sup> + U301<sup>2</sup> (+ custom front-end electronics) (only 2 &times; for miniNOVO version 5) and</li>\n\t<li>8 &times;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/product/optical-sensors/pmt/pmt_tube-alone/head-on-type/R2059.html\">Hamamatsu&nbsp;R2059-01 (2&rsquo;&rsquo;) PMTs</a><sup>1</sup>.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The data was recorded with 2 CAEN V1730S<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;14-bit, 16-channel digitizers (named dta and dtb) with a sampling frequency of 425.216 MS/s.</p>\n\n<p>The detector array was placed at 90&deg; w.r.t. to the fixed-beam research beam line of the <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1594973\">Dresden proton therapy facility</a> at OncoRay, Dresden. A cylindrical PMMA (solid/with air gap/with bone insert) was placed centrally in front of the detector head and irradiated with proton energies from 75-225 MeV and varying currents between 10-2000 pA at various positions (&plusmn; 180 mm w.r.t. central position).</p>\n\n<p>In addition measurements with the <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1323788\">online-adaptive RAPTOR phantom</a> in different configurations (air insert/bone insert/swelling/no swelling) were executed.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Data structure:</strong></p>\n\n<p>The directory <strong>DOI_calibration </strong>contains the position calibration measurements with a Sr-90 source. <strong>Energy_calibration </strong>holds the energy calibration measurements with a Na-22 and Cs-137 source. In <strong>efficiency_measurement </strong>the measurements with a Na-22 source at phantom position (with and without PMMA phantom) can be found. <strong>PMMA_phantom </strong>is dedicated to all the beam measurements with the cylindrical phantom (with and without various inserts) while the directory <strong>online_adaptive_phantom </strong>provides the same for the measurements with the RAPTOR phantom. All measurements for which waveforms were recorded are stored in <strong>waveforms </strong>and <strong>backend_comparison </strong>is comprised of repeat measurements with the cylindrical PMMA phantom where one detector (dtb, ch2 and ch3) was connected to an alternative back-end system for comparison. All other measurements and test runs are in the <strong>tests</strong> folder.</p>\n\n<p>The PDF-files <strong>2025-12_ NOVO-first-proton-facility-tests-PGTV-Wiki.pdf</strong> and <strong>2025-12_ NOVO-first-proton-facility-tests-Week-2-PGTV-Wiki.pdf</strong> hold information about the setup of the experiment and and more details about the individual measurements (elog). The file <strong>2025-12_ NOVO-first-proton-facility-tests-Run-List-PGTV-Wiki.pdf </strong>contains the run list with all parameters for each measurement.</p>\n\n<p>In<strong> 2025-12_OncoRay_HEBC_Monitor_Data.zip </strong>csv-files with the beam control meta data can be found (one file for each measurement day).</p>\n\n<p>The main configuration file for the digitizers is called <strong>template_main.cfg</strong>.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Data Format:</strong></p>\n\n<p>All data is saved in <a href=\"https://root.cern.ch/doc/master/classTFile.html\">root files</a> which each contain two <a href=\"https://root.cern.ch/doc/master/classTTree.html\">root trees</a>, one for each digitizer, named &ldquo;dta&rdquo; and &ldquo;dtb&rdquo;. The trees hold the following information in the form of listmode data for each event: digitizer channel (&quot;channel&quot;), charge integrated over long gate (&quot;Elong&quot;), charge integrated over short gate (&quot;Eshort&quot;), digitizer flags (&quot;flags&quot;) and the timestamp (separated in three parts: &quot;timestamp&quot;, &quot;timestampExtended&quot;, &quot;time&quot;). Additionally, the root files also contain an TArrayD which denotes the start time of the measurement in UNIX time at its first index and the stop time at its second.</p>\n\n<p>There are two configuration files for each data file (named &ldquo;filename_dtx.config&rdquo;), one for each digitizer card. These text files contain the information about the digitizer settings for each run.</p>\n\n<p>[1]&nbsp;Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH,&nbsp;Arzbergerstr. 10, 82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany.</p>\n\n<p>[2] Target Systemelektronik, Heinz-Fangman-Stra&szlig;e 4, 42287 Wuppertal, Germany.&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p>[3] CAEN S.p.A., Via Vetraia 11, 55049 Viareggio (LU), Italy.</p>", 
  "keywords": [
    "NOVO", 
    "Neutron imaging", 
    "Prompt gamma ray imaging", 
    "Dual particle imaging", 
    "Range verification in proton therapy", 
    "OncoRay"
  ], 
  "version": "Version 1", 
  "creator": [
    {
      "name": "M\u00fcller, Sara Tabea", 
      "affiliation": "OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-354X", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Akgun, Bora", 
      "affiliation": "Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-3562", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Bekkevoll, Anna", 
      "affiliation": "The Cancer Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5470-485X", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Blorstad Thu, Sander", 
      "affiliation": "Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4086-1013", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Engebertsen, Anders", 
      "affiliation": "Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Jagt, Thyrza", 
      "affiliation": "OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-8559", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Pausch, Guntram", 
      "affiliation": "Rapiscan Systems GmbH, Wuppertal", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-0178", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Phan, Than Binh", 
      "affiliation": "The Cancer Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Ratliff, Hunter", 
      "affiliation": "Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-5415", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "R\u00f6mer, Katja", 
      "affiliation": "Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-4701", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Smeland Ytre-Hauge, Kristian", 
      "affiliation": "Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-1611", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Stokkevag, Camilla", 
      "affiliation": "The Cancer Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-4571", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Tarakoglu, Engin", 
      "affiliation": "T\u00dcB\u0130TAK B\u0130LGEM", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0630-4184", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Turko, Joseph", 
      "affiliation": "Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-4120", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Wolf, Andreas", 
      "affiliation": "Rapiscan Systems GmbH, Wuppertal", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Yazici, Berkay", 
      "affiliation": "T\u00dcB\u0130TAK B\u0130LGEM", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "Meric, Ilker", 
      "affiliation": "Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-3907", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "K\u00f6gler, Toni", 
      "affiliation": "OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-0898", 
      "@type": "Person"
    }
  ]
}