# Test Case for BhutaniBritoParada Attachment Model

## Description

1D test case for attachment modeling according to Bhutani and Brito-Parada
(2020)[^1]. Water and particles are initialized in the domain but have nowhere
 to escape. Air bubbles are injected from the bottom via an injector
 (point mass source). Turbulent kinetic energy and its specific frequency are
 also introduced to the domain via the same injector. They are
 necessary for the attachment model. Particles then attach on bubbles, and exit
the domain together via the degassing sink at the top.

## Technical Information

- 1D
- $10$ cells
- $1$ m
- The air mass flow rate is $1 \times 10^{-3}$ kg s$^{-1}$
- TKE is set high to enable a high attachment rate
- Only drag and virtual mass forces are used
- Bubble surface loading is set to $1$
- $d_B = 3$ mm and $d_P=0.1$ mm
- multicomponent phases are used for the aggregates (of bubble and particle
species) and the particles (of particle species only)

## Post processing

The global free particle (particle phase) holdup is graphed over time to observe
 the decrease due to attachment.

## Remarks

Initializing particles in the cell where the degassing sink is active causes
mass conservation issues in the free particle phase. Therefore, particles are
initialized everywhere else.

## Keywords

1D, multiphase, three-phase, multicomponent, gas, solid, liquid, isothermal,
incompressible, buoyancy, attachment, phase transfer

## Literature

[^1]: Bhutani, G., & Brito-Parada, P. R. (2020). A framework for polydisperse
      pulp phase modelling in flotation. Separation and Purification Technology,
      236, 116252.
