1 Plant concentration data

1.1 Step 1: Analytical accuracy and precision

Monitoring analytical accuracy and precision and drift and offsets with laboratory external reference materials

Table 1.1: Table 1.2: Number of above detection limit values for the preanalysed standard reference material (SRM) samples. The SRM samples are described and data is provided by Middleton et al. (2020). These preanalysed SRM analysis were made of dry-milled material with 2F method provided by Actlabs. The values were used as reference values in the x-charts.
Element UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY
Ag 0 0 0
As 10 10 10
B 10 10 10
Ba 10 10 10
Be 0 0 0
Bi 10 0 1
Ca 10 10 10
Cd 10 10 10
Ce 10 10 10
Co 10 10 10
Cr 10 10 10
Cs 10 10 10
Cu 10 10 10
Dy 10 10 10
Er 10 10 10
Eu 10 10 10
Fe 10 10 10
Ga 10 10 10
Gd 10 10 10
Ge 10 1 9
Hf 8 0 5
Hg 10 0 0
Ho 10 10 10
In 0 0 0
K 10 10 10
La 10 10 10
Li 0 0 0
Lu 0 3 2
Mg 10 10 10
Mn 10 10 10
Mo 10 10 10
Na 10 10 10
Nb 10 10 10
Nd 10 10 10
Ni 10 10 10
Pb 10 7 10
Pd 0 0 0
Pr 10 10 10
Pt 0 0 0
Rb 10 10 10
Re 0 0 0
Sb 10 0 10
Sc 0 0 0
Se 8 4 7
Sm 10 10 10
Sn 1 0 0
Sr 10 10 10
Ta 10 10 10
Tb 10 6 10
Te 5 2 2
Th 10 10 10
Ti 10 10 10
Tl 10 10 10
Tm 0 0 0
U 10 10 10
V 10 10 10
W 1 1 1
Y 10 10 10
Yb 10 10 10
Zn 10 10 10
Zr 10 10 10

1.1.1 Stats of the our Reference Material values

General overview of number of measurements

Table 1.3: Number of different SRM samples analysed with the routine samples. The UpDeep reference samples (Norway spruce needles, twigs and bark) are descibed by Middleton et al. (2020) and the CVL-2 (Black spruce) by Dalton and Dunn (1987).
ParentSampleID N
UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY 16
UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY 15
CLV-2 19
UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY 16

stats of the data

Table 1.4: Mean, madian, relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative mean absolute deviation (RMAD) of the four SRMs analysed with the routine samples.
Element CLV-2_Mean CLV-2_Median CLV-2_RSD CLV-2_RMAD UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY_Mean UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY_Median UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY_RSD UPDEEP_SPRU_BARK_DRY_RMAD UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY_Mean UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY_Median UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY_RSD UPDEEP_SPRU_NEED_DRY_RMAD UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY_Mean UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY_Median UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY_RSD UPDEEP_SPRU_TWIG_DRY_RMAD
Ag 1.7e+01 1.7e+01 20 10 8.8e+00 8.6e+00 13 10 2.6e+00 2.9e+00 46 37 1.1e+01 1.2e+01 14 17
Al 1.1e+02 1.1e+02 13 11 9.3e+01 9.2e+01 6 6 7.6e+01 7.3e+01 15 6 9.4e+01 9.1e+01 14 11
As 3.4e+02 3.4e+02 15 17 3.0e+02 2.9e+02 11 13 1.0e+02 9.7e+01 18 17 5.2e+02 5.2e+02 8 6
Au 8.6e-01 5.2e-01 145 79 1.9e-01 1.5e-01 73 84 2.3e-01 2.5e-01 69 74 9.0e-01 2.1e-01 193 105
B 3.1e+01 4.2e+01 49 47 2.1e+00 1.9e+00 50 5 3.1e+00 2.8e+00 48 12 4.2e+00 2.6e+00 61 8
Ba 2.3e+04 2.3e+04 8 8 1.2e+05 1.2e+05 4 4 4.1e+04 4.1e+04 4 5 6.7e+04 6.6e+04 5 5
Be 4.7e+00 4.2e+00 50 33 1.5e+00 1.6e+00 46 52 4.6e+00 4.4e+00 27 28 1.3e+00 1.4e+00 36 30
Bi 9.8e+00 9.2e+00 21 19 8.9e+00 8.8e+00 16 18 3.3e+00 2.9e+00 77 38 4.1e+00 3.8e+00 52 56
Ca 7.5e+03 7.7e+03 8 5 1.0e+04 1.0e+04 8 10 5.4e+03 5.5e+03 7 7 4.0e+03 4.1e+03 6 4
Cd 1.3e+01 1.3e+01 23 15 1.3e+02 1.3e+02 7 6 1.4e+01 1.4e+01 14 11 4.2e+01 4.2e+01 8 10
Ce 2.3e+02 2.2e+02 10 9 7.6e+01 7.5e+01 10 6 1.7e+01 1.7e+01 8 11 7.7e+01 7.6e+01 12 12
Co 6.7e+01 7.0e+01 13 9 1.3e+02 1.3e+02 8 10 8.2e+01 8.1e+01 8 8 2.4e+02 2.3e+02 11 7
Cr 3.9e+02 3.8e+02 10 7 1.4e+02 1.4e+02 7 8 6.1e+01 4.9e+01 103 18 3.0e+02 3.0e+02 11 12
Cs 1.8e+01 1.7e+01 20 18 3.7e+01 3.7e+01 13 5 7.0e+01 6.9e+01 13 18 8.2e+01 8.2e+01 7 7
Cu 2.0e+03 1.9e+03 13 7 5.1e+03 5.1e+03 2 2 1.4e+03 1.4e+03 5 5 5.9e+03 5.8e+03 4 3
Dy 1.4e+01 1.4e+01 12 11 4.7e+00 4.8e+00 18 24 3.2e+00 3.2e+00 19 15 5.2e+00 5.3e+00 16 11
Er 6.4e+00 6.5e+00 15 17 2.5e+00 2.6e+00 21 23 1.7e+00 1.8e+00 27 13 2.8e+00 2.8e+00 22 22
Eu 4.2e+00 3.6e+00 37 44 1.7e+01 1.8e+01 23 4 6.0e+00 6.3e+00 25 10 8.1e+00 9.6e+00 48 33
Fe 2.6e+02 2.5e+02 9 7 9.2e+01 9.4e+01 6 7 4.0e+01 4.0e+01 6 8 1.2e+02 1.2e+02 4 5
Ga 5.3e+01 3.2e+01 53 37 6.6e+00 6.7e+00 61 75 6.7e+01 6.9e+01 26 14 1.6e+01 1.5e+01 31 16
Gd 1.0e+01 9.8e+00 12 12 5.4e+00 5.1e+00 24 25 2.5e+00 2.3e+00 25 17 5.3e+00 5.1e+00 20 21
Ge 2.8e+00 2.7e+00 41 36 2.9e+00 3.0e+00 29 26 5.3e+00 5.4e+00 30 15 1.3e+01 1.7e+01 64 15
Hf 3.4e+00 2.6e+00 86 31 9.0e-01 8.0e-01 41 45 3.1e-01 2.3e-01 90 68 1.2e+00 1.1e+00 29 24
Hg 2.8e+01 2.9e+01 14 14 1.7e+02 1.7e+02 5 5 2.8e+01 2.8e+01 10 6 2.5e+01 2.5e+01 8 9
Ho 2.6e+00 2.6e+00 8 5 1.1e+00 1.1e+00 19 20 7.9e-01 8.4e-01 22 16 1.0e+00 1.0e+00 19 19
In 4.7e-01 4.2e-01 45 56 3.8e-01 3.4e-01 65 101 1.7e-01 1.4e-01 80 69 2.4e-01 1.9e-01 97 80
K 3.7e+03 3.8e+03 9 4 9.0e+02 8.9e+02 7 7 4.0e+03 3.9e+03 7 8 3.8e+03 3.8e+03 4 2
La 1.2e+02 1.1e+02 12 8 6.4e+01 6.5e+01 8 5 2.3e+01 2.3e+01 7 6 6.4e+01 6.5e+01 7 7
Li 1.8e+02 1.7e+02 20 15 1.0e+01 1.0e+01 27 12 1.9e+01 1.9e+01 13 10 3.3e+01 3.4e+01 13 13
Lu 4.9e-01 4.4e-01 39 43 2.6e-01 1.9e-01 79 44 1.2e-01 1.1e-01 66 62 2.9e-01 1.9e-01 105 37
Mg 8.2e+02 8.6e+02 12 5 2.2e+02 2.3e+02 13 20 8.2e+02 8.2e+02 10 12 9.0e+02 9.0e+02 9 9
Mn 1.7e+06 1.8e+06 9 7 3.8e+05 3.8e+05 4 4 1.1e+06 1.1e+06 3 2 5.4e+05 5.4e+05 4 2
Mo 7.1e+01 7.1e+01 15 14 1.4e+01 1.3e+01 28 19 3.1e+01 3.1e+01 16 11 3.0e+01 2.9e+01 17 8
Na 7.4e+00 7.2e+00 33 38 7.6e+01 7.8e+01 7 8 3.0e+01 3.1e+01 8 8 4.9e+01 5.0e+01 8 4
Nb 9.7e+00 1.2e+01 54 76 3.6e+00 3.2e+00 40 19 8.6e-01 8.4e-01 39 11 6.2e+00 4.0e+00 62 18
Nd 9.7e+01 1.0e+02 13 11 3.7e+01 3.6e+01 12 15 1.4e+01 1.4e+01 16 14 4.4e+01 4.3e+01 16 19
Ni 5.2e+02 5.0e+02 25 11 7.5e+02 7.5e+02 9 8 6.6e+02 6.9e+02 11 9 2.3e+03 2.2e+03 18 3
P 8.8e+02 9.1e+02 9 6 1.8e+02 1.8e+02 10 10 1.4e+03 1.5e+03 8 7 1.1e+03 1.1e+03 7 4
Pb 1.1e+03 1.1e+03 10 7 1.2e+03 1.2e+03 6 7 6.9e+01 6.8e+01 17 9 4.6e+02 4.5e+02 12 7
Pd 2.3e+00 1.5e+00 94 138 6.4e+00 6.6e+00 29 18 4.5e+00 4.8e+00 29 12 3.5e+00 4.4e+00 66 37
Pr 2.5e+01 2.5e+01 12 11 9.8e+00 9.7e+00 11 16 3.6e+00 3.6e+00 10 12 1.1e+01 1.1e+01 16 17
Pt 1.2e-01 3.9e-02 146 136 1.7e-01 2.0e-01 74 99 2.0e-01 1.1e-01 80 116 1.8e-01 1.8e-01 65 75
Rb 2.9e+03 3.0e+03 7 4 4.2e+03 4.2e+03 3 4 1.0e+04 1.0e+04 5 3 1.2e+04 1.2e+04 3 3
Re 2.6e+01 2.6e+01 6 3 4.4e-02 3.5e-02 67 100 3.6e-02 2.1e-02 99 120 3.1e-02 2.3e-02 77 96
Sb 3.9e+01 3.4e+01 39 36 2.6e+01 2.4e+01 37 20 6.5e+00 5.5e+00 67 25 2.9e+01 2.1e+01 59 22
Se 3.5e+02 3.9e+02 50 37 3.7e+01 2.8e+01 99 117 3.3e+01 1.9e+01 100 131 6.1e+01 5.1e+01 86 130
Sm 1.8e+01 1.8e+01 17 9 7.0e+00 7.0e+00 14 13 2.9e+00 2.6e+00 33 36 8.0e+00 8.5e+00 23 16
Sn 7.4e+01 5.1e+01 139 33 1.7e+01 1.6e+01 29 28 4.3e+00 2.9e+00 97 80 1.2e+01 1.3e+01 64 68
Sr 1.7e+04 1.7e+04 8 6 2.7e+04 2.7e+04 3 3 1.9e+04 1.9e+04 3 3 2.1e+04 2.1e+04 6 3
Ta 5.6e-01 4.8e-01 72 69 1.6e+00 1.6e+00 45 51 9.0e-01 4.9e-01 144 101 1.7e+00 1.4e+00 53 23
Tb 2.6e+00 2.6e+00 15 18 1.1e+00 1.0e+00 25 18 5.9e-01 5.8e-01 24 31 1.0e+00 9.8e-01 20 17
Te 1.1e+01 7.6e+00 91 101 8.2e+00 6.0e+00 61 30 5.8e+00 5.9e+00 16 22 4.5e+00 4.8e+00 37 32
Th 4.5e+01 4.4e+01 15 21 6.0e+00 5.7e+00 25 12 1.9e+00 1.5e+00 86 44 6.2e+00 5.8e+00 24 26
Ti 2.3e+03 2.3e+03 19 15 3.1e+03 3.0e+03 12 16 8.9e+02 8.2e+02 23 15 4.1e+03 4.1e+03 15 9
Tl 1.4e+01 1.5e+01 21 22 1.6e+01 1.6e+01 12 6 3.1e+01 3.0e+01 11 6 3.8e+01 3.7e+01 17 16
Tm 6.7e-01 8.0e-01 40 41 1.6e-01 1.6e-01 31 35 1.1e-01 9.7e-02 48 48 2.4e-01 1.8e-01 58 45
U 2.9e+03 3.1e+03 15 11 2.3e+00 2.4e+00 20 17 5.2e-01 4.1e-01 93 56 2.3e+00 2.3e+00 18 25
V 3.0e+02 3.1e+02 9 8 2.4e+02 2.4e+02 4 4 4.8e+01 4.7e+01 18 22 2.3e+02 2.3e+02 6 6
W 1.1e+02 7.8e+01 88 29 4.2e+00 3.6e+00 47 30 9.1e-01 9.0e-01 44 35 4.3e+00 4.2e+00 21 26
Y 6.1e+01 6.3e+01 13 11 3.1e+01 3.0e+01 16 12 3.2e+01 3.1e+01 20 28 3.3e+01 3.3e+01 14 12
Yb 4.9e+00 4.9e+00 18 19 2.1e+00 2.1e+00 28 25 1.2e+00 1.1e+00 41 46 2.2e+00 2.2e+00 34 33
Zn 6.3e+04 6.3e+04 7 3 1.0e+05 1.0e+05 3 3 5.6e+04 5.5e+04 2 2 8.6e+04 8.7e+04 3 3
Zr 8.4e+01 8.0e+01 16 18 3.8e+01 4.0e+01 15 16 7.4e+00 8.1e+00 70 81 4.4e+01 4.4e+01 23 16

1.1.2 Comparison of pre-analysed values with actual values

X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

Figure 1.1: X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

Figure 1.2: X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

Figure 1.3: X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

Figure 1.4: X-charts of UPDEEP_SPRY_NEED_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_TWIG_DRY/UPDEEP_SPRY_BARK_DRY SRMs analysed with the routine samples (dots) vs. the preanalysed SRM values (mean as solid line, 1st standard deviation as dashed line.) The lines of the predefined values are missing if the SRM values were below detection limit. See Table 1.1 for the numbers of the preanalysed SRMs and their missing values. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are distinquised by colour.

1.2 Step 2: Drift and offset correction

Drift and offset correction was made based on the routine samples, laboratory and field replicate samples.

1.2.1 Before drift correction

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.5: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.6: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.7: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.8: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.9: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.10: Raw data concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates of presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

1.2.2 After drift correction

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.11: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.12: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.13: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.14: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.15: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

Figure 1.16: Drift and offset corrected concentrations of routine samples, laboratory and field replicates presented in the sequence analysed in the laboratory. The two laboratory batches (A20-02249, A20-02250) are presented with colours.

1.3 Step 3: Uncertainty modelling and laboratory precision

Uncertainty modelling was done based on laboratory replicate samples and laboratory precision was calculated based on the modeled values.

Table of number of lab replicates per tissue.

Table 1.5: Table 1.6: Number of laboratory replicates used for uncertainty modelling and calculation of the laboratory precision.
Tissue n
Norway spruce bark 5
Norway spruce needle 9
Scots pine bark 5
Common juniper needle 3
Norway spruce twig 7
Common juniper twig 2
Table 1.7: Mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of the laboratory replicate pairs. Elements with high mean RSD (>10%) were excluded from further analysis (show as red in the table).
Tissue Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Er Eu Fe Ga Gd Ge Hf Hg Ho In K La Li Lu Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Nd Ni P Pb Pd Pr Pt Rb Sb Se Sm Sn Sr Ta Tb Te Th Ti Tl Tm U V Y Yb Zn Zr
Common juniper twig 17 8 22 42 7.3 2.2 8.1 1 2.7 4.9 2.5 14 7.2 1.9 11 16 4.8 4 22 12 74 22 4.9 17 31 2.1 8.3 16 420 1.8 1.9 12 3.9 8.7 9.5 3.3 2.1 3.6 8 8.7 21 1.9 39 33 13 110 1.3 5.2 17 49 13 11 9.6 20 20 4.3 13 17 1.9 18
Norway spruce bark 4 8 2.8 49 12 2 4.4 0.88 2.6 4.3 3.4 15 6.5 1.9 9.7 16 3.9 3.8 17 9.6 19 25 3.6 17 19 2.1 8.2 36 440 1.8 1.5 17 3.3 15 9.2 4.9 4.6 3.1 6.6 8.4 47 1.9 17 31 10 59 1.2 4.6 16 48 13 11 3.6 21 14 2.8 13 14 1.4 19
Scots pine bark 15 8 5.6 59 29 3.6 5.3 2.5 2.6 6.5 4.6 16 6.7 1.9 16 17 7.9 4.4 11 17 9.4 32 3.7 17 33 2.1 9.1 52 490 1.8 2.1 15 5.2 22 11 5.8 6.1 3.3 15 13 28 1.9 14 33 19 56 1.5 6.4 21 50 13 11 2.9 26 21 3 13 20 2.1 25
Common juniper needle 38 8 74 63 6.6 2.6 9.3 1.1 3.2 8.7 2.4 16 6.9 1.9 19 18 6 4 76 22 0 34 4.4 18 54 2.1 9.7 39 310 1.8 1.6 7.6 16 16 14 2.9 2 7.9 7.6 17 52 1.9 66 39 29 140 1.3 7.9 28 46 13 11 30 32 42 7.6 13 29 2.2 29
Norway spruce twig 3.8 8 17 32 8.1 2.1 12 2.7 2.9 5 2.9 13 5.6 1.8 11 16 4.2 4 15 12 29 22 4.9 17 51 2.1 8.5 9.5 260 1.8 1.5 13 3 7.3 9.5 3.1 2 3.6 8.9 8.8 43 1.9 42 40 14 96 1.3 6.7 16 49 13 11 2.7 22 20 4.3 13 16 1.5 17
Norway spruce needle 11 8 59 52 7.5 2.3 22 2 6.4 24 3.9 18 5.5 2.1 36 22 6 4.9 41 63 310 73 5.3 25 93 2.1 19 10 720 1.8 1.5 41 8.7 50 32 3.5 2 16 11 54 45 1.9 160 33 68 330 1.4 8.3 62 48 13 14 3 48 100 13 13 47 1.5 58

1.4 Step 4: Field precision

Field precision detected with field replicate samples.

Table 1.8: Table 1.9: Number of field replicate pairs with mean RSD>20%. These elements have the poorest field precision.
Tissue V1
Scots pine bark 9
Norway spruce bark 10
Norway spruce twig 10
Common juniper needle 10
Norway spruce needle 10
Common juniper twig 10

visualisation of the decision process (triangles)

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.17: Maarit, here figure caption.

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.18: Maarit, here figure caption.

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.19: Maarit, here figure caption.

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.20: Maarit, here figure caption.

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.21: Maarit, here figure caption.

Maarit, here figure caption.

Figure 1.22: Maarit, here figure caption.

table of drops

Table 1.10: Mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of field duplicate pairs. Elements with RSD > 20% were exceluded from further analysis (marked red in the table).
Element Norway spruce needle Norway spruce twig Common juniper needle Scots pine bark Norway spruce bark Common juniper twig
Ag 0 2.1 0 1.8 2.6 0
Al 0.96 0.92 1.2 0.62 1.1 1.5
As 0 2.2 0 1.6 1.9 3
Au 0 0 0 0 0 0
B 0 0 0 0 1.3 1.3
Ba 1.4 1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1
Be 0 2.4 2.4 0 0 2.1
Bi 2.8 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.7 2
Ca 0.51 0.26 0.34 0.24 0.043 0.12
Cd 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.6
Ce 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5
Co 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.3
Cr 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1
Cs 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.1
Cu 1.1 0.53 0.47 0.92 1.2 0.76
Dy 1.9 1.9 2 1.5 1.7 1.8
Er 0 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.1
Eu 3 1.9 2.3 1.7 2.7 2.4
Fe 0.83 0.79 0.73 0.89 0.92 0.92
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gd 0 2.1 2 1.8 1.6 1.9
Ge 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hf 0 1.8 0 1.3 1.8 0
Hg 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.9
Ho 0 1.4 1.7 0 1.2 1.4
In 0 0 0 0 0 0
K 0.47 0.18 0.25 0.85 0.49 0.17
La 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7
Li 2.2 0 0 0 0 2.7
Lu 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mg 0.63 0.49 0.44 0.91 1.1 0.36
Mn 0.64 0.38 0.78 0.89 0.81 0.69
Mo 2.4 1.7 2 1.8 1.9 1.7
Na 0 0.77 0 1.1 1.1 1.1
Nb 0 0 0 2.1 0 2.4
Nd 2.5 1.8 2 1.4 1.8 1.7
Ni 1.1 0.78 0.79 1.4 1.2 1
P 0.54 0.25 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.39
Pb 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1
Pd 2.1 2 2.6 0 2.1 2.1
Pr 2 2 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1
Pt 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rb 1 0.87 1.1 1.1 0.94 0.99
Re 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sb 0 2.6 0 1.8 0 0
Se 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sm 2 2.3 1.9 1.8 2 2.2
Sn 0 2.6 0 0 0 2.6
Sr 1 0.65 1 0.94 0.92 0.9
Ta 3.5 2.7 0 0 2.5 2.1
Tb 0 1.7 0 0 1.6 1.3
Te 0 0 0 0 0 0
Th 2.5 2.6 2.4 2 2.6 2.5
Ti 1.2 0.84 0.76 1.1 1.1 0.96
Tl 2.7 0 0 2.1 2.6 2.8
Tm 0 0 0 0 0 0.59
U 1.8 1.7 2 1.3 1.7 2
V 2 0.99 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2
W 0 1.9 0 0 0 2.3
Y 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.2
Yb 1.8 2.2 0 1.6 1.7 1.8
Zn 0.68 0.65 0.87 0.95 1.1 0.94
Zr 3.6 1.9 0 0 2.8 1.9

1.5 Step 5: Summary of elements

Summary of elements carried through to the statistical analysis.

Table 1.11: Table 1.12: List of elements included in the statistical analysis for each of the data subset. For the data analysis methods run for all data subsets a common selection of elements included all the elements listed in this table.
Element Common juniper needle Common juniper twig Norway spruce bark Norway spruce needle Norway spruce twig Scots pine bark
Ag
Al
As
B
Ba
Bi
Ca
Cd
Ce
Co
Cs
Cu
Dy
Eu
Fe
Gd
Hf
Hg
K
La
Li
Mg
Mn
Mo
Na
Nb
Nd
Ni
P
Pb
Pd
Pr
Rb
Sb
Sm
Sr
Ta
Tb
Tl
U
V
Yb
Zn
Zr

2 Environmental variables

2.1 Field precision

The ten field replicates had the following relative standard deviations: